HBA1C Test - Price, Normal Range, Full Form, Procedure

The HbA1C test is a simple blood test that measures an individual’s average blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels increase, glucose in the blood stick to haemoglobin (a protein in the red blood cells).

HBA1c blood test measures the percentage of red blood cells with glucose-coated haemoglobin (glycated). It shows average glucose levels for the past three months because:

1. Red blood cells live for three months

2. Glucose sticks to haemoglobin for as long as red blood cells live

Anyone who experiences symptoms or has risk factors for diabetes and prediabetes should get an HbA1C test. If a person has diabetes, the doctor will recommend the HbA1C test twice or more yearly to see how the treatment works. The doctor will recommend the test if they experience symptoms of the condition, such as:

1. Polydipsia (intense thirst)

2. Polyphagia (extreme hunger)

3. Increased urination

4. Unintentional weight loss

5. Blurred vision

6. Fatigue

7. Dry skin

8. Numbness or tingling in hands or feet

Conditions Diagnosed With an HbA1C Test

HbA1C test provides more information about blood glucose than a single blood glucose test. The test results help the doctors and other health care providers in the following:

1. Diagnose prediabetes: A person with prediabetes is more likely to develop diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The glycosylated haemoglobin test can help detect prediabetes.

2. Diagnose type 2 diabetes: To diagnose diabetes, the doctor examines two blood tests given on different days. The tests can be two HbA1C tests or a combination of HbA1C and fasting insulin tests or other tests.

3. Monitor the diabetes treatment plan: The test helps determine how well the management plan works for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The results establish the baseline HbA1C level.

People who have symptoms or risk factors of diabetes should always get tested for the condition. This can ensure prompt treatment to prevent serious complications. The benefits of the glycosylated haemoglobin test include the following:

1. No fasting required

2. No other special preparation required

3. No aftercare required

4. A quick, simple procedure

5. Minimal risks

6. The sample can be obtained at any time of the day

7. Reflects long-term blood glucose concentration over two to three months

There are also no special instructions to be followed on the test day. Following these steps will help ensure accurate glycosylated haemoglobin test results:

1. No Fasting: Unlike other blood tests, fasting is not required in HbA1c tests. One can eat and drink as usual before the test.

2. Medication Instructions: Inform the doctor about medications or supplements currently taken, as certain drugs can affect the HbA1c results.

3. Avoid Extreme Physical Activity: Refrain from engaging in strenuous exercise or intense physical activity on the day of the test, as it may temporarily affect the blood sugar levels.

4. Relax and Stay Calm: Try to stay relaxed and calm before the test. Stress can sometimes affect blood sugar levels.

5. Wear Comfortable Clothing: Choose loose-fitting clothing with sleeves that can be easily rolled up, as the blood sample is usually taken from the arm.

The glycosylated haemoglobin test usually takes less than five minutes. It can be performed by taking a blood sample from the vein and sending it to a lab for analysis.

The HbA1C test procedure for blood draw test from the vein includes the following steps:

1. The patient will be made to sit comfortably in a chair. 

2. The phlebotomist, doctor, or nurse will check the inner part of the arm for an easily accessible vein. 

3. After locating the vein, they will disinfect the area with an antiseptic solution. 

4. They will insert a small needle into the patient’s vein to take a blood sample. 

5. Once enough blood is collected in a test tube, they will remove the needle. 

6. They will hold a cotton ball on the site to stop the bleeding. 

7. The blood specimen is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

The patient does not need to follow any immediate aftercare after HBA1c test. The results of the test are usually available within a day. The doctor will schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss the results.

Following are the care one can take after the glycosylated haemoglobin test:

1. Resume Normal Activities: After the HbA1c test, individuals can usually resume their normal daily activities immediately. There is typically no need for rest or restrictions.

2. Monitor the Puncture Site: It's advisable to monitor the puncture site where the blood was drawn for any signs of unusual swelling, bleeding, or infection.

3. Stay Hydrated: Drinking water is essential to help the body recover and maintain overall health. Continue to stay well-hydrated after the test.

4. Review Medication Instructions: If an individual is taking medication for diabetes or any other condition, they should follow the doctor's instructions regarding when and how to take their medication after the test. 

The HbA1C test report format includes percentages. The resulting percentage represents the portion of haemoglobin proteins in the blood that holds glucose, i.e., glycated. The higher the percentage, the higher the patient’s blood glucose levels over the last three months.

Interpretation of HBA1c Blood Test 

To diagnose diabetes or prediabetes, the HbA1C blood test normal range is interpreted as follows:

1. Normal: HbA1C less than 5.7%

2. Prediabetes: HbA1C between 5.7% and 6.4%

3. Diabetes: HbA1C of 6.5% or higher

Interpretation of High HBA1c Blood Test 

Results exceeding the HbA1C blood test normal range may indicate prediabetes or diabetes. High HbA1C levels, especially when they are high for consistent periods, can cause further diabetes-related complications, such as:

1. Retinopathy: An eye condition in diabetic people that involves the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina. The possibility of diabetic retinopathy increases significantly when HbA1C levels are equal to or more than 6.8%. 

2. Neuropathy: The condition is characterised by peripheral nerve damage outside the brain and spinal cord. Evidence suggests that high levels of HbA1C can cause diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 

3. Nephropathy: The deterioration of kidney function that may occur in people with diabetes. High HbA1C levels can lead to the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients.

4. Gastroparesis: A disorder that stops or slows food movement from the stomach to the small intestine. It is the paralysis of the stomach. Patients with HbA1C levels above 7% are more likely to experience gastroparesis.

5. Heart disease: Excessive blood sugar can cause plaque buildup in the arteries, restricting blood flow to the body’s vital organs. HbA1C levels can contribute to the development of heart diseases, such as heart attacks.

6. Stroke: It occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked or interrupted. With time, high glucose levels can damage the body’s blood vessels, increasing the risk of a stroke.

Individuals who have or are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes will have an elevated level of HBA1c. Nonetheless, approaches exist to regulate blood sugar levels that could diminish the associated risk. 

Timely identification and proper management can help prevent potential complications for these individuals.

1. Medication Adjustment: An individual with diabetes must adjust their medication under the guidance of a doctor. It could result in improved blood sugar control and lower HbA1c.

2. Healthy Lifestyle Changes: Positive changes in diet and exercise habits can lead to better blood sugar management, resulting in a lower HbA1c reading.

3. Increased Physical Activity: Regular physical activity can lower blood sugar levels. This can decrease HbA1c levels.

4. Stress Reduction: Managing stress effectively can help maintain stable blood sugar levels, potentially leading to a lower HbA1c.

HbA1c blood test is a safe blood test to detect diabetes. However, like all other blood tests, the test may involve minimal risks at the site of the blood draw or finger prick. These risks are generally minor and temporary. The risks include:

1. Minor Discomfort: During the blood sample collection, individuals may experience minor discomfort. It could be a brief pinch or stinging sensation at the insertion site. However, this discomfort is tolerable.

2. Bruising or Bleeding: There is a slight risk of bruising or bleeding at the puncture site after the blood draw. This resolves on its own and is not a cause for major concern.

3. Slight Tenderness: Some individuals may experience slight tenderness or discomfort at the blood draw site. This discomfort is usually mild.

4. Infection: Although rare, there is a minimal risk of infection at the puncture site. Keep the area clean and monitor for any signs of infection, such as redness or increased pain.

Cost of HBA1c Blood Test

The approximate HbA1c test cost in India is about ₹ 300 to ₹ 600. It differs based on the city where the test is performed. The factors that affect the test cost include:

1. Testing Location: The test cost can vary depending on where it is conducted. Testing at a hospital, clinic, or diagnostic laboratory may have different pricing structures than home testing kits or other testing facilities. Costs at different diagnostic laboratories may also differ. For instance, the HbA1c test price in Lal Path Lab is about ₹ 440, whereas it is ₹ 590 in Metropolis Healthcare.

2. Healthcare Providers: They may have different pricing structures. The cost may vary based on their speciality, location, and type of facility. 

3. Insurance Coverage: If a person has health insurance, their insurance plan may cover some or all of the cost of an HbA1c test. However, the coverage and out-of-pocket costs may vary depending on their insurance plan and specific policy.

4. Type of Test: Different HbA1c tests are available, including laboratory-based tests and home testing kits. The cost of these tests may vary, with home testing kits potentially being more convenient but also more expensive than laboratory-based tests.

5. Additional Testing: Sometimes, additional testing may be required along with the HbA1c test, such as blood glucose or other blood tests. These tests may add to the overall cost of the testing process.

Glycated Haemoglobin test assesses your blood glucose control over time, especially if you have diabetes or at a risk of diabetes. A patient with prediabetes should have the test once every year. 

The team at HexaHealth consist of experts that can help you throughout your medical journey. We will help you manage your risk of diabetes and suggest effective treatment options to control the condition. Furthermore, we will help you connect with the best doctors at the best hospitals if further assistance is required.

Suggested Reads

Download our App today to plan your surgery seamlessly and stress-free!

Click here for Android and Click here for iPhone