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Cast vs Splint vs Slab - What are Common Differences?

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Medically Reviewed by Dr. Aman Priya Khanna
Written by Rajath R Prabhu, last updated on 13 December 2022| min read
Cast vs Splint vs Slab - What are Common Differences?

Quick Summary

  • Casts, splints, and slabs are used to protect and support injured bones and soft tissues.
  • Casts are rigid and encase the entire limb, while splints are less rigid and may only cover part of the limb.
  • Slabs are rigid and are used to immobilize a fracture.

Fractures and bone injuries can happen to both bones and soft tissues alike. Depending upon the type of injury and its severity, a medical professional, may adopt many interventions to ensure that the injured bones or soft tissues are protected and supported. This also allows the injured area to be undisturbed while the bones and soft tissues regenerate.

During the regeneration phase, the area must not be disturbed or moved, which can adversely affect the injured area and prolong recovery. Medical professionals use different techniques to prevent this from happening, such as casts, splints, and slabs.

But what is the difference between each of them? When to use a cast vs splint? Or how does a doctor decide to use a slab vs a cast?

What is a Cast?

A cast is a medical device used to support and immobilise a broken bone or injured body part. The cast comprises of two parts: an inner layer of plaster or fibreglass and an outer layer of cotton or synthetic padding.

Plaster casts are most commonly used for arm or leg fractures, while fibreglass casts are often used for wrist, hand, foot, or ankle fractures.

Different types of casts

There are three main types of casts: plaster, fibreglass, and vinyl.

  1. Plaster casts: Plaster casts are the oldest type of cast. They are made of a plaster bandage wrapped around the affected area. Plaster casts take longer to dry than other casts and can be heavier and more uncomfortable to wear.
  2. Fibreglass Casts: Fibreglass casts are made of fibreglass cloth soaked with resin. They are lightweight and robust and can be used for upper and lower limbs. Fibreglass casts can be removed sooner than plaster casts but may cause skin irritation.
  3. Vinyl Casts: Vinyl casts are made of a vinyl sheet moulded to the limb's shape. They are lightweight, waterproof, and easy to clean. Vinyl casts can cause skin irritation and should not be used on patients with allergies to vinyl or latex.

How long does it take to heal with a cast?

  1. When you break a bone, your doctor usually puts it in a cast to stabilise it and allow it to heal. The length of time you'll need to wear a cast depends on the fracture type and where it is on your body.
  2. A broken arm or wrist will usually heal in 4 to 6 weeks, while a broken leg may take 6 to 8 weeks.

Complications with a cast

  1. When a bone is broken, the doctor may put a cast on the arm or leg to make sure that the bone stays in place while it heals. The cast might be left to stay on for several weeks.
  2. The doctor will give you instructions on how to care for your cast. It is essential to keep the cast clean and dry. It would be best if you refrained from trying to remove the cast yourself.

Complications with a cast are rare but can include:

  1. Skin irritation
  2. Allergic reaction to the materials in the cast
  3. Infection
  4. Blood clotting
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What is a Splint?

A splint is a device that is used to support and immobilise a body part. It is usually made of wood, plastic, or metal and is held in place with straps, velcro, or tape. Splints are often used to protect broken bones or to stabilise joints that have been injured. Unlike a cast in a splint, the hard part does not go around the injured area.

What are the different types of splints?

  1. There are many different types of splints that can be used to support and immobilise various parts of the body.
  2. The most common type of splint is a plaster cast, which supports and immobilises broken bones. Other types of splints include those made of fibreglass, metal, or plastic. Each type of splint has its advantages and disadvantages.
  3. You must consult a medical professional who will evaluate your condition and decide whether to use a cast vs. a splint.

When should you see a doctor after a splint?

If you have a splint, you should see a doctor if:

  1. The pain is severe
  2. The swelling is severe
  3. The splint is loose or broken
  4. You cannot move the affected area
  5. You have numbness or tingling in the affected area

What is a Slab?

An orthopaedic slab is a medical device that supports and immobilises broken bones or joints. It is made from materials such as plastic, metal, and foam.

Orthopaedic slabs are typically custom-made for each patient and can be removed after the bone or joint has healed.

How is an orthopaedic slab used?

The slab is usually made of metal, plastic, or ceramic and is placed over the area of the body that needs to be supported. Orthopaedic slabs are often used after surgery to help support the bones or joints while they heal.

Benefits of an orthopaedic slab

The primary purpose of an orthopaedic slab is to provide support and stability for patients who have suffered from a bone or joint injury.

There are many benefits of using an orthopaedic slab, including the following:

  1. They provide support and stability for bone or joint injury patients.
  2. They help prevent further injury by keeping bones and joints in alignment.
  3. An orthopaedic slab can be used for various injuries.
  4. They are comfortable and easy to use.
  5. They are durable and built to last.

Risks associated with using an orthopaedic slab

While an orthopaedic slab can be very helpful in healing, some risks are associated with using one. A few common complications of using a slab are as follows:

  1. Skin breakdown occurs when the slab rubs against the skin, causing irritation and inflammation.
  2. Infection 

Complications are rare but can occur, and you must follow your doctor's instructions for care and watch for any signs of problems.

How to choose the suitable orthopaedic slab for you

If you are experiencing chronic pain in your bones or joints, you may be considering an orthopaedic slab. Orthopaedic slabs are designed to provide support and comfort for those suffering from conditions like osteoarthritisrheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia.

Here are a few things that your doctor will consider when choosing an orthopaedic slab for you:

  1. The type of pain you are experiencing
  2. The size of the slab
  3. The thickness of the slab
  4. The material of the slab

A cast vs. splint vs. slab: What are the differences?

When you consult a doctor after sustaining an injury to your bone or joints, they may be times when the doctor will tell you that they are going with a cast vs splint vs slab. If you want to understand the differences between the same, here is everything you need to understand:

Parameters Cast Splint Slab
Material  Plaster or Fibreglass Wood, Metal, or Plastic

Plaster of Paris and Cotton

Coverage

Entire limb or body part

The area around the injury

Part of the injured area
Ease of Use Bulky and cumbersome Easy to apply and use Temporary and easy to use
Making Style Always tailor-made Not always tailor-made Custom-made for the patient
Application Cannot be applied by a Medical Team outside of the medical facility.

Can be applied by a Medical Team outside of the hospital at the spot of the injury.

Can be applied by a Medical Team outside of the hospital at the spot of the injury.
Time for Application It takes a considerable amount of time Does not take a lot of time Can be applied quickly
Adjustments Cannot be adjusted Can be adjusted Can be made to adjust to the initial swelling
Usage Used only when absolutely necessary Used for most minor injuries Pre-treatment or pre-surgery option

Summing Up

Casts, splints, and slabs are standard methods to treat injuries to joints, bones, or even soft tissues. However, your medical practitioner will decide whether to use a cast vs splint or slab vs cast based on your injury and its severity. They will also consider many other factors before making the best choice for you. One of the most important aspects of having a cast, splint, or slab is that it accelerates the recovery of your bones or injured area since they are highly protected.

When a doctor discusses the advantages of a cast vs splint or slab vs cast, you must also let the doctor know your lifestyle. This will help them make a better choice for you. In addition making the right choice for you based on your lifestyle will also help you take care of the cast or splint.

Since getting a cast, splint, or slab is essential in your recovery journey; it is crucial to seek help from an experienced and expert medical professional. You can find many experts and qualified professionals across the country at HexaHealth.

HexaHealth is a unique and comprehensive platform that brings together doctors, medical professionals, medical institutes, laboratories, etc., to help patients looking for expert advice on various medical conditions, including bone, tendon, and joint injuries. With HexaHealth, you can also seek suitable medical insurance and treatment plans fitting your requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions

A backslab is a form of orthopaedic splint when the plaster slab is applied lengthwise instead of encircling the entire limb. This is considered the easiest and safest plaster slab to treat joint, bone, or soft tissue injuries.

A cast encases the full limb of the affected area to support the recovery of the damage, whereas a backslab is applied longitudinally on the limb.

A cast covers the entire limb or the injured part, whereas a splint only covers part of the damaged area. While a cast can only be applied at a medical facility, a splint can be applied by EMTs at the spot of injury to prevent the injury from worsening or alleviate the pain.

When it comes to using a cast vs. splint, doctors analyse the situation, extent of injury, and other elements to use. It is hard to say which one is better as each of them has its own purposes and advantages.

Skin tight cast, bologna cast, and three-tier cast are the three types of casts used in treating broken bones, damaged joints, etc.

Pillows, air splints, and sling and swathe-type splints are the most common types of splints.

A backslab is used when the fracture has happened, and swelling is expected to accommodate the impending swelling.  

Usually, a backslab stays on for a couple of weeks, depending on the patient's condition.

According to the measurements of the patient, stockinet, padding, and plaster are used to make the backslab. The length of the slab depends on where it is applied; usually, the length is 10-15cm for the arms, 15cm for the legs, and 20 cm for below knee and elbow slabs. Then the padding is applied firmly. It is then held vertically in the water for nearly 2 seconds and gently squeezed. It is then applied without any wrinkles to the affected area.

A backslab has a soft area between the hard plaster on the slab. You can feel the same by hand. Carefully cut open this soft area using scissors. If there is a sock inside the slab, cut and remove that as well. Now, the backslab can be removed easily.

It can depend on the condition and the severity of the fractures. Sometimes, a hand or wrist fracture can heal in 4-6 weeks. However, depending on the person, age, and other characteristics, it can take a longer period than that.

Although the breakage or damage may be healed, the bone would not have received all its strength. You may need to be careful with the same, as it would normally take 3-6 months for the bone to regain its full strength.

Usually, when a backslab is applied to the upper limb, it would be 10-12 layers. On the other hand, the number of layers is 12-14 when applied to the lower limb.

A knee slab is applied around the knee due to injuries to bones, joints, or tendons near the knee.
Depending on the fracture and injury condition, the duration can vary. The doctor would evaluate the fracture and decide whether to remove the same or keep it for some more time.
A knee cast is a rigid and strong cast that is applied to keep your knee and the lower leg immobilised due to injuries to the bones or joints in the area.

A knee splint is a support to reduce the weight on your knee. It may be used for a variety of purposes to protect your knee from collapsing after a knee injury, fracture, or even surgery.

BK slab is used below the knee for any injury to your lower leg. It could be a complex injury to your bones or a complex ligamentous injury. It is used to ensure that the foot position is maintained constantly to manage the injury and recovery.

Last Updated on: 13 December 2022

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational and learning purposes only. It doesn't cover every medical condition and might not be relevant to your personal situation. This information isn't medical advice, isn't meant for diagnosing any condition, and shouldn't replace talking to a certified medical or healthcare professional.

Reviewer

Dr. Aman Priya Khanna

Dr. Aman Priya Khanna

MBBS, DNB General Surgery, Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery, FIAGES

12 Years Experience

Dr Aman Priya Khanna is a well-known General Surgeon, Proctologist and Bariatric Surgeon currently associated with HealthFort Clinic, Health First Multispecialty Clinic in Delhi. He has 12 years of experience in General Surgery and worke...View More

Author

Rajath R Prabhu

Rajath R Prabhu

MSc. Clinical Research I PG Diploma in Public Health Services Management

3 Years Experience

His work in medical content writing and proofreading is noteworthy. He has also contributed immensely to public health research and has authored four scientific manuscripts in international journals. He was assoc...View More

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